Roofing element



Nov.1?-,]1923. 11,473,919

' H. ABRAHAM ROOFING ELEMENT Filed May 19, 1920 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Nov. 13,1923. 1,473,919

' H. ABRAHAM ROOFING ELEMENT Filed May 19, 1920 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 I um/Whoa Patented Nov. l3, 119230 unites stares PATENT nn nnnnr ABRAHAM, or new roan, n. r, ASSIGNOR 'ro rnnnunnnoin 00., a conronar on on NEW JERSEY.

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Application filed May 19, 1920. Serial'fio. 382,496.

To all whom it may concern..-

Be it known that I, HERBERT: ABRAHAM, a citizen of the United States, residing at the city, county, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Rooting Elements, of which the following is a specification. i

This inventionrelates to improvements in manufacture of elements of the type having spaced projections along their upper and lower edges. j

The principal objects of the invention are to provide elements of such shape that they can be cut from a web of fabric without waste, and laid to form a water-proof cove'ring with a. minimum amount of material.

I attain these objects, as well as others, by providing elements of novel'configuration,

havin the characteristics hereinafter described and pointed out in the claims.

The elements can be made, without waste of material, by means of a single cutter operating intermittently to cut a continuously movin web of material along a line extending obliquely to the sides of the web.

In the accompanying drawings, illustrating the invention,

Fig. 1 is aplan view of a fragment of a web showing the manner of cutting the elements,

Fig. 2 is a-plan of elements,

Fig. 3 shows a plurality of the elements laid in overlapping courses; and,

Figs. 4 to 12 show several modified for-ms of my element.

By referring to the drawings, it will be seen that the upper and lower edges 1 and 2 of the. elements are. alike in contour and are each formed of a broken line, that is, one having alternating projections and indent-a"- tions. The sides 3 and 4t are formed of straight. parallel, oblique lines, extending from an indented portion of one edge to a projected portion of the opposite edge.

The elements illustrated in the drawings are of the type known as twin shingles. that is, one composed of two identical units forming an integral strip. lit is to be older stood that the elements :ina v consist asingle unit forming an individual shin or they may be composed oi any de. number or" units to term multiple shingle strips.

In each case the unit is characterized by view of apreterred form the fact that a series of imaginary lines connecting all corresponding points of the lower and upper edges, as for example, the points wa, Z)b', c0 d-cl., would be equal in length and would extend parallel to the oblique sides. This characteristic permits. of both the upper and lower edges of the element being formed with a single cut .ter extending. obliquely of the web.

A further characteristic of the unit is the fact that the vertical axis .r-w, through the center of the projections of the lower and upper edges, extends perpendicular to the horizontal axis 'yy. This provides elemen'ts which are symmetrical in shape and which when laid form awatertight roof covering of attractive and ornamental appearance. Elements havin the characteristics herein defined may be made in a variety of different designs by changing the contour of the upper and lower edges. For example, in Figs. 4 to 12- l have shown a variety of ele ments diiiering'fromeach other in outline but all having the same general characterist-ics in that in each case a series ot lines connecting corresponding points of the upper and lower edges 1 and 2 would be equal in length and parallel to the oblique sides 3 and and in each case the axis 111-41? through opposite projections is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis i 1 Preferably the element is formed so that the vertical distance between opposite points at the widest part is substantially three times as great as that at the narrowest; part. Elements having the characteristics and pro- -portions hereinbefore described. when laid in overlapping courses as shown in lTig. 3, will require not more'than 200 square teet of material to weatherprooily cover 100 square Y feet of root area. To attain the greatest pro tection at the joints. the projections and indentations must; be disposed in such relation to the oblique sides. that the joi s will hisect the area composed of three tin erases oi the elements when laid. l he elements substantially covered by the elements of the overlying course. This, provides anomamental covering which is easily laid, and

. which provides adequate protection against 'an elementfand the opposite'edg'eof the succeeding element. In this manner, witha single cutter, operating intermittently to cut a continuously moving web, I produce a series of elements ,without any waste of material at the edges of the web or between sue:

cessive elements. As the felt fibers of the roofing material run generally lengthwise any desired multiple of units,

of the web, fibers of the severed elements will extend obliquely to the axes of the elements, due to the fact that the said elements are cut obliquely from the web. For economy of manufacture it may be desired to take a.web ofsufiicient width to accommodate a plurality of units and then slit the web parallel to its lateral edges, as indicated by the broken line 6, to produce elements of am aware that prior to my invention shingles have been made with angular sides, such, forexample, as shown in Letters Patient No. 1,108,236, issued to H. M, Reynolds on August 25th, 1914, but I believethat I am the first to devise elements of such character that a succession of the elements can be cut obliquely from a web of a fabric, without waste of material. f

What I claim is: I

1. A roofing element having oblique parallel sides, and having its upper and lower edges composed of similarbroken lines, the configuration of the element being such that all of the corresponding points of the upper.

and lower edges are equally distant when measured on lines parallel to the sides.

2. A roofing element having oblique parallel sides, and having its upper and lower edges composed of similar broken lines, the configuration of the element being such that all of the corresponding points of the upper and lower edges are [equally distant when measured on lines para lel to the sides, the maximum vertical distance between the upper and lower edges being three times as great as that of the minimum distance.

such as to form elements of 3. A roofin element having oblique parallel sides an having its upper and lower edges each formed of uniform projections edge corresponding in contour with the indentations of the opposite edge, all of the corres onding points oithe upper and lower edges eing equally distant when measured on lines parallel to thejsides.

5. A roofing element having oblique parallel sides, and havin its upper and lower edges each formed 0 uniform projections and. intervening uniform indentations, the.

projections on either edge being centrally and intervening uniform indentations, the I disposed with respect to the projections on the opposite edge, all of the corresponding points of the upper and lower edges being equally distantwhen measured on lines parallel to the sides.

6. The method of making roofing elements, each having its upper and lower edge formed of uniform projections and intervenin uniform indentations, the projections on either edge-being identical in contour to the indentations of the opposite edge, which consists in cutting a web of prepared roofing material intermittently at regular intervals corresponding to the width of the strips to be cut, along a single broken line extending obliquely across the web.

. 7. he method of making roofing elements, each having its upper and lower edges formed of uniform projections and inter Veningluniform indentations, the projections on eit the indentations of the opposite edge, which consists in cutting a web ofprepared roofing material intermittently at regular intervals,

. corresponding to the width of the strips to be out along a single broken line extending obliquely across the web, and cutting the web along straight spaced longitudinal lines extending parallel tothe sides of the web to divide the strips into elements of desired lengths.

HERBERT ABRAHAM.

er edge being identical in contour to 

